<p>Harris Farm is a historic home and farm complex located at Walkersville, Frederick County, Maryland, United States. The main house was built in 1855, and is a three-story center plan house in predominantly late Greek Revival syle, with some Italianate elements. The agricultural complex consists of a bank barn with an attached granary; a second frame barn that shares an animal yard with the bank barn; a row of frame outbuildings including a converted garage, a workshop, and a chicken house. There is also a drive-through double corn crib; and a frame pig pen from 1914. The 20th-century buildings consist of a frame poultry house, a dairy barn with milk house and two silos, and an octagonal chicken coop. A lime kiln is located on the edge of the property. The property is preserved as part of the Walkersville Heritage Farm Park.</p><br>
<p>The Harris Farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Kitterman–Buckey Farm is a historic home and farm complex located at Johnsville, Frederick County, Maryland. It is the remnant of the farm that was established by the German immigrant Christopher Kitterman in 1752, and which remained in the Root/Buckey family from 1790 to 1919. The main house was built about 1752 and is two stories in height. It is composed of two halves, built probably 40 to 50 years apart, and united under a low-sloping slate roof with three chimneys, with additions made in the 19th century and again in the 1950s and 1980s. Also on the property are a springhouse and cabin / smokehouse both dating to about 1752, a machine shed, horse barn built about 1930, a bank barn built about 1850, and a silo from 1934.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Woods Mill Farm is a historic home and farm complex located at Woodsboro, Frederick County, Maryland. It includes the Colonel Joseph Wood House and associated buildings. The house is an unusual example of an 18th-century brick, Georgian style manor house, built about 1770. It is a two-story brick dwelling with a hipped roof and inside end chimneys. The property also includes two distinctive outbuildings: a two-story, two-room stone and brick smokehouse with a gable roof and a brick end barn built about 1830. The original owner of this property was Col. Joseph Wood, founder of Woodsberry .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Highland Lodge, also known as Pequea, is a historic home and resort building complex located at Frederick, Frederick County, Maryland, United States. It consists of a large Victorian period frame house centered at the end of a circular driveway, and its complement of outbuildings. The house is large and rambling and considered eclectic in style with a prominent central projecting gable. The property includes a frame stable and carriage house, now garages; a small frame barn; a small log dwelling moved to the property in the early 20th century; a frame summer kitchen and a frame secondary dwelling. It was developed originally in 1881 as a summer home for John H. Williams, a wealthy and influential Frederick attorney and banker.</p><br>
<p>The Highland Lodge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Abraham Jones House is a historic home located at Libertytown, Frederick County, Maryland, United States. It is a -story, Flemish bond brick house attached to a later frame structure. Roof features include low "parapets" formed by the extension of the gable walls and at each end of the roof ridge are single flush gable chimneys. The main entrance door is an example of Federal period craftsmanship and design. It is one of the finest Federal houses in Maryland.</p><br>
<p>The Abraham Jones House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>Hopewell is a set of historic homes and farm complexes located at Union Bridge, Carroll County, Maryland, United States. It consists of four related groupings of 19th century farm buildings. The Hopewell complex consists of two historic farms: Hopewell and the smaller F.R. Shriner  Farm.</p><br>
<p>Hopewell&#39;s two-story main house dates from 1818. It has the distinction of having the first interior bathroom installed in Frederick County outside the City of Frederick. The main farm also contains a stone dairy, a frame privy, a frame carriage house, a frame workshop, a brick smokehouse, a brick bake oven, an ice house, and a frame Pennsylvania barn. There are two tenant complexes associated with Hopewell.</p><br>
<p>The F.R. Shriner Farm lies in Carroll County and consists of a brick two-story house on a raised coursed marble foundation, two smokehouses, an outhouse, a Pennsylvania barn, two corrugated iron silos, a double corncrib-wagon shed, two modern feed/storage buildings, a chicken coop, garage, work shed, piggery, and tractor shed.</p><br>
<p>Hopewell was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Amelung House and Glassworks is a historic home located at Urbana, Frederick County, Maryland, United States. It is a two-story, late-Georgian brick home on a stone foundation built about 1785. The property once had the New Bremen glassworks built by Johann Friedrich Amelung after he came to Maryland in 1784; no above-ground remains of the factory remain. Fine examples of New Bremen glass work may be seen at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City; the Corning Museum of Glass in Corning, New York; and Winterthur Museum in Winterthur, Delaware.</p><br>
<p>The Amelung House and Glassworks was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Abbott–Holloway Farm contains a couple of the few early structures still standing in Bethlehem, Indiana, located in the extreme northeast section of Clark County, Indiana. It overlooks the Ohio River.</p><br>
<p>The land comprising the Abbott–Holloway Farm was first owned by Jonathan Clark, one of the early founders of Bethlehem in 1812. The primary building on the lot is believed to have been built in 1830 by Asa Abbott; records destroyed by the Ohio River flood of 1937 makes the exact date unknowable. When first built it was used as a store and post office, as Abbott was the postmaster for the town. Abbott is also believed to be the builder of the farm that also still stands. Due to fires and tornados, these buildings are among the few buildings constructed before 1840 still standing in Bethlehem; only two other houses still stand from the time.</p><br>
<p>After Abbott died in 1873, control of the town went to his widowed daughter Athenatia (Abbott) Ross. With her 1885 marriage to Missouri man Fleming Holloway, they and his children moved to the farm. During their time of ownership several more barns were placed on the property, but most of those structures were destroyed in a tornado during the 20th century. Upon Athenatia&#39;s 1899 death, Fleming gave up the house to his son Barnes Holloway, and moved to a smaller house on the property. In 1939 the farm was sold to Ira Church. Its modern owners acquired it in 1988 and turned it into a bed and breakfast.</p><br>
<p>The structures of the property include a main house, two sheds, and a privy. The main house is Federal two-story double-pile brick house with a one-story extension. It features a central passage, twin end chimneys, and side gable roof. Many of its doors are paneled wood with limestone lintels. The house was named in 1992 by the Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana among the ten most significant buildings in Clark County. The barn on the property is of a transverse-frame timber construction that has been converted for guest housing.</p><br>
<p>It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994, two years after its HLFI designation and one year after the local historical preservation group, the Historic Bethlehem Inc., was founded.</p><br>
<p>Abbott-Holloway Farmland.jpgAbbott–Holloway farmland</p><br>
<p>The Road Island Diner is a rare classic Streamline Moderne 60 x 16 Art Deco diner car restaurant located in the remote mountain city of Oakley, Utah, in the United States. It was prefabricated as diner # 1107 in 1939 at the Elizabeth, New Jersey, factory of the Jerry O&#39;Mahony Diner Company.</p><br>
<p>After construction, it was displayed on exhibition at the 1939 Worlds Fair in New York. After the Fair, It was sold to Al McDermott who had it towed it to Fall River, Massachusetts, where it operated for 14 years. In 1953, it was sold to Greek immigrant Tommy Borodemos, who had it transported down the turnpike to Middletown, Rhode Island, where it operated for foue generations as Tommys Deluxe Diner. It closed in May 2006 and was purchased in 2007 by Utah businessman, Keith Walker, who transported it to Oakley, Utah. After a year of restoration, it was opened in July 2008. It is said to be the only pre-war, Art-deco streamline (constructed to mimic a rail dining car) diner west of the Mississippi River.</p><br>
<p>Claimed to have been the "Cadillac" of diner companies because of its steel frame construction, The Jerry OMahony Diner Company of Elizabeth, New Jersey, whose motto was "In our line, We lead the world" was said to have produced 2,000 diners from 1917 to 1941 with only four pre-war Art-Deco streamline style diners to still be in operation. The smaller 50 x 10 Mickeys Diner serial # 1067 in Saint Paul, Minnesota, which is the first diner to be listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the 40 x 16 Collins Diner serial # 1103 in North Canaan, CT and the 1938 Summit Diner in Summit, NJ. The Road Island Diner (OMahony Dining Car #1107) was added to the National Register of Historic Places by the National Park Service on August 21, 2009.</p><br>
<p>Acorn Hall is an 1853 Victorian Italianate mansion located at 68 Morris Avenue in Morristown, Morris County, New Jersey. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 3, 1973, for its significance in architecture. It serves as the headquarters of the Morris County Historical Society, which operates Acorn Hall as a historic house museum.</p><br>
<p>After inheriting the property, antiwar activist and actress Mary Crane Hone tried for decades to donate the property for historical preservation, finally succeeding in 1971.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Named for the two-centuries-old oak tree formerly standing on its property, Acorn Hall was built in 1853 by the Schermerhorn family as a simple four-room over four-room farmhouse. Following the death of Mrs. Schermerhorn in 1854, Dr. Schermerhorn put the house and its contents up for sale. It was purchased in 1857 by the Augustus Crane family of New York. The Cranes in 1860 had the house enlarged and remodeled in the then-fashionable Italianate Villa style.</p><br>
<h2>Legacy</h2><br>
<p>After being passed down through several generations, the house was given to the Historical Society in 1971 by antiwar activist, actress, and curator Mary Crane Hone. Hone was the last private resident of the property. Historians have recognized Acorn Hall for its authentic mid-Victorian era furnishings, primarily pieces from the Schermerhorn and Crane-Hone families, supplemented with significant objects from other prominent Morris County families of the 19th century. Carpeting, wall coverings, and decorative paint techniques remain as they were in the nineteenth century.</p><br>
<p>Acorn Hall also offers an exhibit gallery with changing exhibits highlighting various aspects of Morris County history and Victorian culture.</p><br>
<p>In addition to the National Register of Historic Places, Acorn Hall is on the New Jersey State Register, and is part of the New Jersey Womens Heritage Trail, in recognition of the importance of the Crane and Hone women in both preservation and the womens suffrage movement. The grounds are also connected to the Morris County Park Commissions Patriots Path system of trails.</p><br>
<p>The Victor Cullen School Power House is a historic power house building located at Sabillasville, Frederick County, Maryland. It is a -story, Renaissance Revival stone erection, with a hip roof and a fully exposed basement. The building was built originally as part of the Maryland Tuberculosis Sanitorium, the first state sponsored institution of its type in Maryland. It was designed by architects Wyatt & Nolting.</p><br>
<p>The Victor Cullen School Power House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Graceham Moravian Church and Parsonage is a historic church building and parsonage located at 8231 Rocky Ridge Road, MD 77 in Graceham, east of Thurmont, Frederick County, Maryland. It is a two-story Flemish bond brick church built in 1822, and covered with white stucco because of deteriorated masonry. The church was built as an addition to the adjacent meeting house and parsonage built in 1797. This building and the churchs cemetery having uniform flat gravestones  represents Maryland&#39;s only remaining 18th century Moravian settlement.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Moravian Church originated in Bohemia and Moravia in the 1400s, with the first Moravians settling in North America in the 1700s. The first Moravian settlements were in Pennsylvania, but Moravians began to move south to Maryland, Virginia, and Salem, North Carolina. The Moravians who settled in Maryland were one of the groups to move south during the mid-1700s, travelling from Pennsylvania to Maryland via an Indian road.</p><br>
<p>The Graceham congregation was formally organized by Bishop Matthaeus Gottfried Hehl on October 8, 1758, as "Manakosy" (Monocacy) Moravian Church. Their first place of worship, a Gemeinhaus (English: "congregation house"), had been constructed in 1749. A second church edifice was dedicated on October 16, 1773, before being replaced by the current edifice that was dedicated on October 27, 1822. The official name change of the village took place in 1785, following the recommendation of Johannes von Watteville, who wrote (transl.), "May this village be a hamlet, or little town of the Lord&#39;s, in which grace abides, with simplicity and a childlike spirit," hence the name Graceham.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>St. Euphemias School and Sisters House is a historic school building and convent located at Emmitsburg, Frederick County, Maryland. It is a late-19th century school complex that consists of two attached brick buildings: a two and half story school building built about 1890, and a house that was used as a convent and built about 1860.</p><br>
<p>It was named after the patron saint of sister Euphemia Blenkinsop in 1899 as a tribute to her memory.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Woodsboro and Frederick Turnpike Company Tollhouse is a historic toll house located at Walkersville, Frederick County, Maryland, United States. It is a two-story brick structure over a stone foundation, with a small interior end chimney at each gable end. It was used as a tollhouse by the Woodsboro and Frederick Turnpike Company.</p><br>
<p>The Woodsboro and Frederick Turnpike Company Tollhouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Womans Club of Coconut Grove  is a historic womans club in Miami, Florida.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The organization was founded in 1891 by Flora McFarlane. Charter members included women from the pioneering families of Coconut Grove, and included Mrs. Kirk Munroe, Mrs. Joseph Frow, Mrs. Charles Peacock, Mrs. Charles John Peacock and Mrs. Benjamin Newbold. The first meeting of the Womans Club of Coconut Grove was called to order on February 19, 1891, with the primary purpose of improving life for members of the community. An integral part of the groups mission was to expand education though an emphasis on literacy. The Womans Club of Coconut Grove was the first federated womans club established in the State of Florida. In 1957, Housekeepers Club of Coconut Grove members officially changed the name of the organization to the Womans Club of Coconut Grove.</p><br>
<h3>The First Coconut Grove Schoolhouse</h3><br>
<p>The first public school building in Miami-Dade county, built in 1889, was the site of the groups first meeting. Members of the Housekeepers Club of Coconut Grove raised the funds necessary to build the schoolhouse, which also served as the communitys Sunday School site. The building was the area&#39;s only public school until 1894, until a larger school was constructed, and the one-room building was abandoned.</p><br>
<h3>Pine Needles Club</h3><br>
<p>An offshoot of the original Housekeepers Club of Coconut Grove, the Pine Needles Club offered young girls an opportunity to congregate, and discuss literature of present and past. The club was founded in 1895, in an effort to foster a spirit of community in the South Florida area. Mary Barr Munroe, wife of pioneer and author Kirk Munroe, gathered area girls for weekly outdoors readings of adventure novels, often those on the subjects of Seminole Indians and the Florida Everglades.</p><br>
<h3>Coconut Grove Library</h3><br>
<p>Founder Mary Barr Munroe, alongside Pine Needles Club members, worked to establish the first lending library in the City of Miami, operating out of donated space above an area general store. An 1895 donation of reading materials by frequent South Florida visitor, Louise Carnegie, and wife of Steel tycoon, Andrew Carnegie, enabled the Club to establish what became known as the Coconut Grove Reading Room. The Coconut Grove Reading Room collection grew exponentially. Housekeepers Club and Pine Needles Club members were eventually able to raise the funds required to erect the very first branch of the Miami-Dade Public Library System, known as the Coconut Grove Library. The branch, completed and open for business in 1901, was built upon land donated by fellow Coconut Grove pioneer, Ralph Munroe.</p><br>
<h2>Club Activities</h2><br>
<p>Numerous environmental, social, and educational endeavors have been carried out by Housekeepers Club of Coconut Grove members.</p><br>
<h3>Environmental</h3><br>
<p>In 1905, as part of the Florida Federation of Women&#39;s Clubs, Housekeeper Club members embarked on an endeavor to establish protective status for nearly 2,000 acres of land in Paradise Key, a valuable ecosystem, part of the Florida Everglades. By 1915, their efforts were rewarded by the State of Florida, with the creation of the Royal Palm State Park. Housekeepers Club members also spoke out against the slaughter of egrets, which was commonplace at the time.</p><br>
<h3>Social</h3><br>
<p>Social advocacy was a central focus of the Housekeepers Club of Coconut Grove. Group members acted in support of Seminole Indian tribes, who remained exploited to a great extent. The group participated in the delivery of humanitarian aid, working in conjunction with the American Red Cross in times of disaster or crisis. In June 1923, in an effort to continue the support of positive female role models in a rapidly changing United States, the organization sponsored the first Girl Scout of America troop in southeast Florida. Troop I nicknamed themselves "The Alligators."</p><br>
<h3>Educational</h3><br>
<p>In 1921, in an effort to promote community unity, the Housekeepers Club of Coconut Grove founded a community fine arts board. The board&#39;s intent also included promoting an appreciation for theatre and pageantry. The outdoor performances allowed amateur actors from the community a creative outlet, and created a steady flow of funds with which outreach activities may be carried out.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The group eventually moved into a building designed expressly for members by renowned architect Walter de Garmo. Construction was completed in 1921. The building was constructed with materials such as oolitic limestone, concrete, stone, and stucco. The rectangular building features a curvilinear gable roof, and wrap-around porch, with a series of recessed, semicircular arches. On March 26, 1975, the site was added to the United States National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Present Day</h2><br>
<p>The oldest civic group in Miami-Dade County, the Womans Club of Coconut Grove, though its collection of active, associate, and lifetime dues, performs regular outreach projects, and awards annual scholarships to females exhibiting outstanding community leadership skills. In the spirit of the groups original motto, "Lend a Hand," the Women&#39;s Club has supported numerous organization over the last decades, including Casa Valentina, Cancer Survivors, Hacienda Girls’ Ranch, Canine Companions, Heifer International, Miami-Dade Public Library System, as well as Miami-Dade County Public Schools.</p><br>
<p>LHermitage Slave Village Archeological Site is an archaeological site near Frederick in Frederick County, Maryland. The location, within the boundaries of Monocacy National Battlefield, was the site of lHermitage Plantation, founded about 1793 by the Vincendière family. The Vincendières are believed to have been former Haitian landowners who had fled the Haitian Revolution to the Catholic-leaning state of Maryland. L&#39;Hermitage was notable during its time for its size, brutality and for the large number of slaves on the property.</p><br>
<p>The site was the subject of an archaeological excavation by the National Park Service in the summer of 2010 which focused on the structures on the site, believed to have been slave cabins. The Park Service had acquired the area in 1993 as part of an expansion of the battlefield site, and conducted preliminary investigations in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>L&#39;Hermitage Plantation</h2><br>
<p>The Vincendière family was initially headed by Marguerite Magnan de la Vincendière, some of her children, and a relative, Jean Payen de Boisneuf. Marguerites husband, Etienne Bellumeau de la Vincendière, did not come to Maryland, choosing instead to establish himself in Charleston, South Carolina. Twelve slaves accompanied the Vincendières. Marguerite and Etiennes daughter Victoire, aged 17 in 1793, was responsible for assembling the lands of the plantation between 1793 and 1798 and became head of the family by 1800. By 1800 there were ninety slaves on the property, which encompassed 748 acres at its peak. The plantation was notable for its size and ethnic character; more typical landholdings in the area were much smaller, with no more than a dozen slaves, and were owned by German immigrant farmers. The Vincendière family may have been trying to re-create the large-scale slave labor system that they were familiar with in Haiti, possibly in order to cultivate labor-intensive crops. The Vincindières built many of the structures still visible at the site.</p><br>
<h2>Slavery</h2><br>
<p>L&#39;Hermitage was also known in its time for its harsh regime. Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz traveled through the area in June 1798, recounting that he had been told of tyranny and torture at the plantation:</p><br>
<p>June 15.... Four miles from the town we forded the river. On its banks one can see a row of wooden houses and one stone house with the upper storeys painted white.... One can see on the home farm instruments of torture, stocks, wooden horses, whips, etc. Two or three negroes crippled with torture have brought legal action...</p><br>
<p>Nine court proceedings against family members for cruelty to slaves are recorded, including proceedings against Boisneuf for "cruelly and immercifully beating and whipping" six slaves and against Victoire Vincendière for beating her slave Jenny. These charges were dismissed, but Payen e Boisneuf was found guilty in 1797 of beating a slave named Shadrack and of "not sufficiently clothing and feeding his negroes."</p><br>
<p>The Vincendières sold L&#39;Hermitage in 1827, after gradually dispersing most of their slaves. Victoire moved to a townhouse in Frederick.</p><br>
<p>The L&#39;Hermitage site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>Nolands Ferry I Archeological Site is an archaeological site near the historic Noland&#39;s Ferry boat landing at mile 44.58 on the C&O Canal and Tuscarora. The Archeological Site is a prehistoric occupation site located in the Monocacy region of southern Frederick County, Maryland. Diagnostic artifacts at the site indicate that the site was almost continuously inhabited from the Paleo-Indian period to the early 19th century, with the most substantial inhabitation occurring during the Late Woodland period.</p><br>
<p>The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Nolands Ferry, for which the site is named, has a broad history from the mid-1700s, with some of Americas founding leaders among its customers.</p><br>
<h2>Ferry history</h2><br>
<p>Noland&#39;s Ferry began operating in the mid-1700s and carried travelers, their wagons, carriages and livestock across the Potomac River between Loudoun County, Virginia and Frederick County, Maryland. During the American Revolutionary War it was used by the U. S. Army and during the Civil War, by the armies of both the North and South. The ferry remained in operation until the early 1900s. Philip Noland was the first Noland to run the ferry and his wife was the daughter of Francis Awbrey (also Aubrey). is the daughter of William Luckett who had a nearby ferry that Thomas took over.</p><br>
<p>The first original record that mentions Nolands Ferry pre-dates Loudoun County and is in the Fairfax County records of March 20, 1754. The registration for the Catoctin Rural Historic District, section 8 page 3, states that "... As early as 1748 Philip Noland had established a ferry at the site...". In 1756, in a political infight, Philip Noland was denied a license to operate the ferry by the Virginia House of Burgesses which awarded a license to Josiah Clapham (who was a voting member of that legislature). In 1778 Claphams license was discontinued Because the Potomac River is totally in Maryland, as is Nolands Island, approval from Virginias House of Burgesses appears not to have been critical.</p><br>
<p>In the yellow fever epidemic of 1793, in an attempt to keep the fever out of Virginia, the governor ordered that Nolands and six other Potomac ferries limit travel for those coming from Philadelphia who were required to wait on the Maryland side of the river for six days and were only allowed to proceed if they were without symptoms.</p><br>
<h3>Potomac River crossing</h3><br>
<p>Travel between Virginia and Maryland necessitated crossing the Potomac River, the fourth largest east coast river, which has always been an obstacle for travel over land. Several ferries were established to serve that area and Nolands Ferry ran from Leesburg to Maryland for over 150 years. Nolands Ferry Road leads to a boat ramp on the C&O canal outside Washington, D.C., which was the ferrys Maryland location. In Leesburg, just across the river, the location is marked by Nolands Ferry Road and a house on that road which was built around 1800 by a Noland who ran the ferry. Noland&#39;s Island is nearby in the Potomac River.</p><br>
<h4>Carolina Road</h4><br>
<p>The ferry was often used by travelers heading to the Carolinas. The location of the Carolina Road in Northern Virginia is near todays Route 15. In the 1700s, Nolands Ferry was a link between the Virginia and Maryland sections of the Carolina Road.</p><br>
<h3>Revolutionary War</h3><br>
<p>Noland and Luckett family members were strong supporters of American independence. William Luckett was a colonel in the Maryland militia and Thomas Noland fought in the Maryland "Flying Camp", a quick response group. Thomas Hussey Luckett and David Luckett were members of the Continental Army. During the Revolutionary War, the American army sent troops and POWs across the ferry and stored munitions in the ferry warehouses.</p><br>
<h3>Washington and Jefferson</h3><br>
<p>George Washington and Thomas Jefferson were among the ferrys customers. Jefferson noted that he went via Nolands Ferry in July 1802 on the way from Washington to Monticello and Washington wrote in his diary that he ate at "Knowlands Ferry" on August 9, 1785.</p><br>
<h3>Unfinished ferry house</h3><br>
<p>Sometime after the Revolutionary War ended, a large house was built on the grounds of the ferry and although construction was completed enough to be weathertight, key elements of the house were not finished, including interior woodwork and plaster. The house remained unfinished until the 1950s and the mystery as to why was the subject of a Washington Star magazine article in 1949 with the inaccurate title "200 Year Old House That Was Never Finished".</p><br>
<p>Loats Female Orphan Asylum of Frederick City is a historic home and former orphanage building located at Frederick, Frederick County, Maryland.</p><br>
<p>It is an imposing -story Federal Flemish bond brick mansion with a sloping gable roof. The small addition on the east end of the house served as an office for the original owner, John Baltzell, M.D. (1774–1854). The house&#39;s third owner, John Loats (first president of the Frederick and Pennsylvania Line railroad, headquartered in Frederick.), established in his will of 1879, the Loats Female Orphan Asylum of Frederick City. It currently serves as headquarters to the Historical Society of Frederick County.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>Lewis Mill Complex is a historic grist mill complex located at Jefferson, Frederick County, Maryland. The complex consists of seven standing structures, a house foundation, and the remains of an earlier millrace. It centers on an early 19th-century three-story brick mill structure with a gabled roof. The mill complex served German immigrant farmers in Middletown Valley between 1810 and the 1920s. It was rehabilitated in 1979-1980 for use as a pottery shop. Also in the complex are a stuccoed log house and log springhouse built about; a frame wagon shed and corn crib structure and frame barn dating from the late 19th century; and early 20th century cattle shelter and a frame garage.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>A trombe wall was installed on the south wall of the mill in 1980 to heat the business and living quarters. Solar panels were installed on outbuildings in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Edgewood Manor is located in Clarksburg, West Virginia on the east side of US Route 19 and State Route 20 North just one-fourth of a mile off of the West Pike Street Exit off Route 50. Another much older house of the same name, Edgewood , where a Confederate general died in 1863, is located far to the east in another West Virginia county.</p><br>
<h2>Morgan Family</h2><br>
<p>Haze Morgan (1876-1952), a lawyer in the Clarksburg area, was a member of the Morgan family, that has a substantial historic associations with western Virginia and West Virginia. Haze Morgan practiced law with John W. Davis, the only West Virginian ever nominated by a political party for President of the United States (but who lost to Calvin Coolidge). Haze Morgan had two famous great uncles: Colonel Morgan Morgan, first known white settler in what became West Virginia and who built a cabin near Bunker Hill in 1724 (a monument concerning which Haze Morgan was responsible), and General Zackquill Morgan, who founded Morgantown in 1766. Zackquills grandson, Francis Harrison Pierpont, who represents West Virginia in the National Statuary Hall Collection, became an abolitionist after a tour of Mississippi before the American Civil War but unsuccessfully opposed Virginias secession. An avid supporter of President Abraham Lincoln, he served as governor of the Virginia counties that broke away to become West Virginia, and later as the Reconstruction Era governor of Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Architect Stephen Warder Ford designed the home per a commission from Haze Morgan, who wanted it as a residence. It was completed in 1914. The name reflects its construction by day labor at the edge of the woods. Edgewood Manor is a buff brick 2½ story Craftsman home capped by a medium tiled hip roof with one hipped-roof dormer on the west side with three chimneys extending above the roofline. Edgewood Manor is eligible for listing in the National Register under Criterion C: Architecture as an outstanding example of an architect-designed Craftsman-style residence. The period of significance is 1914, which was the year construction was complete. Edgewood Manor has retains its original character and design elements with only minor later changes.</p><br>
<h2>Grounds</h2><br>
<p>The estate includes many trees dating from the 1920s, including Pin Oaks, Butternuts, several Species of Pines, Hawthornes, Beech, large rhododendron, one Native American chestnut that is a grand specimen from the days before blight. Two of these trees are registered state and national champions.</p><br>
<p>The Bullfrog Road Bridge is a historic bridge between Emmitsburg, Frederick County and Taneytown, Carroll County in Maryland. The bridge crosses the Monocacy River on Bullfrog Road between the two counties. This bridge is a rare steel Parker through truss structure and is 183 feet in length and 16 feet-5 inches in width. It was built in 1908, by the York Bridge Company of York, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>The Bullfrog Road Bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Old Mill Road Bridge is a historic bridge near Rocky Ridge, Frederick County, Maryland, United States. The bridge spans Owens Creek southwest of Rocky Ridge on Old Mill Road. It is a Pratt half-hip through truss structure in a single span 69 ft long and 16 ft. It was built in 1882 by the Pittsburgh Bridge Company, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>The Old Mill Road Bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Crum Road Bridge is a historic bridge near Frederick, Frederick County, Maryland, United States. It spanned Israel Creek southeast of Walkersville. The bridge is an iron bowstring pony bridge that is 62 ft in length and 15.8 ft in width. The Crum Road Bridge was built on or about 1875, and was probably constructed by the King Iron Bridge Company of Cleveland, Ohio.</p><br>
<p>The Crum Road Bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. It was then listed in the Historic American Engineering Record in 1993. In 1995, the bridge was removed from its original location on Crum Road over Israel Creek to be replaced by a new wide span concrete bridge. The Crum Road Bridge was relocated to the Heritage Farm Park, located several miles west off of Devilbiss Bridge Road for possible future use as a pedestrian bridge. It was again relocated when it was removed from Heritage Farm Park in 2004. It is currently located in Ballenger Creek Park.</p><br>
<p>The United States Military Academy  and grounds were declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960 due to the Revolutionary War history and the age and historic significance of the academy itself. The majority of the buildings in the central cadet area are historic.</p><br>
<p>The West Point Military Reservation, in Orange County, is mostly in Highlands Town. The majority of that area is in the West Point census-designated place, and portions extend into the Fort Montgomery CDP. Portions of the reservation extend into Woodbury and Cornwall Town.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>West Point is located approximately 50 mi north of New York City on the western bank of the Hudson River. The academys geographic location and geologic formations have directly shaped its history, for example, there wouldnt be a military garrison at West Point were it not for the narrow "s-curve" in the river, creating a "west point" in the river that was incredibly important for controlling shipping traffic on the Hudson during colonial times. In addition to the narrow double-90-degree turns, the currents and winds were erratic and unpredictable, even making an unopposed navigation difficult. In addition to the strategic shape of the Hudson River, the Highlands rise up sharply from river level to 1,400 ft at some places in the immediate area. The combination of the narrow river turns and the commanding high ground made this place the perfect location for the Continental Army to build its stronghold against British troop movement into upstate New York during the American Revolution. The Continental Army first occupied the relatively level plain and constructed Fort Clinton and supporting redoubts and batteries of artillery on prominent hills in the area and across the river on Constitution Island. Guests of cadets who visit Flirtation Walk can experience glimpses of the Revolutionary War era terrain as the shoreline along the river below the plain has not changed much in over 200 years. It wasn&#39;t until after the war that congress purchased the land upon where Fort Clinton stood. In 1790, Congress purchased an initial tract of 1,700 acre from a Stephen Moore of North Carolina.</p><br>
<p>For the first hundred years of the academy, ship-board traffic, then later rail-traffic, were the only ways to access West Point from New York City. In the years immediately following the Revolutionary War, the Hudson Highlands surrounding West Point were sparsely populated and often harbored "gangs of thieves". An 1819 letter from superintendent Sylvanus Thayer complained to the Secretary War John C. Calhoun of the lawlessness of the local inhabitants in the highlands surrounding West Point. As transportation technology improved and coal became the dominant source of energy consumption, the wildness of the highlands subsided and the hill people whose lives were linked to subsistence upon the forest began to disappear. By the turn of the century, the academy had begun to expand beyond the immediate reaches of the Plain and grew both south along the river and westward into the highlands.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The entire central post was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960, but none of the occupied structures on post date to the Revolutionary War period. The oldest surviving buildings are the residences of the Superintendent and the Commandant. Local legend states that one of the foundation walls of the Warner House on Constitution Island dates to the revolutionary war period, but that has never been verified through documentation. Through much of the first 150 years, progress superseded historical preservation as the norm at the academy and many of the most historically significant and grand structures of the "old academy" were demolished to make way for newer and more functionally modern structures.</p><br>
<h3>Revolutionary war structures & sites</h3><br>
<p>The garrison at West Point originally centered on Fort Clinton, the Great Chain, and the defenses built upon Constitution Island. Many of the revolutionary war fortifications still dot the more remote landscape of the academy grounds. Some have been nearly fully restored, such as Fort Putnam, while some have been partially restored, such as Redoubt 4, and some are almost completely reduced to little more than historical markers, such as Fort Clinton. Numerous redoubts were constructed in support of Fort Clinton. Those who survive to present day were fortunate to be in hard-to-reach places that did not impede in the expansion of the academy. Redoubts that are long since lost to time and progress included several in the vicinity of the Warner House on Constitution island, and two small outposts near the present day Lusk Reservoir housing area. In the academys first one hundred years or so, there was little thought given to preserving these historical fortifications as the remains of Ft. Clinton fell into disrepair and were eventually demolished and some of the smaller redoubts were scavenged for their stone or razed to make room for other structures. One of the more notable remaining Revolutionary War sites is Kosciuszkos Garden, which sits on the east-facing cliff side about 40 ft below present day Cullum Hall. Immediately after the war&#39;s conclusion, Revolutionary War-era barracks and quarters served the academic mission of the fledgling academy. Records of these structures have been lost to time and a fire in 1838.</p><br>
<h3>Historical academy structures of significance that no longer exist</h3><br>
<p>In 1808, six years after the formal founding of the academy, Congress authorized the expansion of the Corps of Cadets from only a handful to nearly 300. Along with this increase in personnel came the funding to house them. The first formal set of barracks were constructed in 1815 and 1817 and were known as North and South Barracks. These structures housed the Corps of Cadets until they were replaced and demolished in the early 1850s. The main academic building, known simply as "the Academy", was also constructed in 1815. These three buildings are depicted in the 1828 painting by George Catlin to the left. On 19 February 1838, a fire destroyed the original academic building and most of the academy&#39;s records. This hall stood on the cliff below the Plain until being demolished for a new riding hall in 1908. In 1870, the new academy headquarters building was constructed on the site of present-day Taylor Hall. Meant to house the Superintendent and other academy leadership and staff, this building was too small and inadequate shortly after construction and it was demolished shortly after 1900 to make way for the construction of Taylor Hall. A cadet hospital was constructed in 1884 on the site of present-day Lee Barracks. In 1923, a new wing of the hospital was built, which now houses the Office of Admissions. The main hospital building was demolished in 1960 to make way for Lee Barracks. In the late 1880s Richard Morris Hunt was contracted to design several buildings. The first was a gymnasium, begun in 1891 in a Romanesque Revival design with two large towers flanking a grand arched entrance. The gymnasium was opened in 1893 and used until the early 1920s, when it was demolished to make way for the new mess hall, Washington Hall.</p><br>
<h3>Structures from the 19th century still in use in the academic area</h3><br>
<p>The Superintendents quarters (1820) and the Commandants quarters (1821) were constructed on the end of Jefferson Place near the intersection with Washington Road. During the 1800s, Jefferson Road extended further south through what is now North Area and a row of officers quarters once lined the west side of the road south of the Superintendents quarters, but those structures were all demolished to make room for the old North Barracks. The next oldest structures on post are the three sets of large duplex officers quarters just off the northwest edge of the plain. These quarters (c1828), have been expanded over the years and have come to be known as Professors Row, as they traditionally house the heads of the academic departments. The Deans quarters were constructed in 1856 between the commandants quarters and professors row. A complex of structures known as the "Ordnance Compound" was completed between 1837 and 1840. It consisted of three stone buildings with two towers encircled by a wall. The building that stands in the center of the compound, now the First Class Cadets social club, was added in 1880. The second academic building was demolished in 1891 and replaced on the same location by what was then known as the West Academic Building. This Richard Morris Hunt designed structure took four years to complete and served as the main academic hall until 1950, when it was converted into a barracks and renamed Pershing Barracks. The large house on the end of Professors Row, known today as the "Beat Navy House" due to the "Beat Navy Sign" that hangs on its front porch, was built in 1875 and has been used as multiple officers quarters since its construction. In 1894, McKim, Mead, and White designed and began construction on the new memorial hall, later named Cullum Hall after General George W. Cullum, who started the Cullum Register of Graduates and donated the funds for the structure. Completed in 1898, Cullum Hall broke several architectural traditions. First its classical design and white marble construction clashed with the gray granite Gothic design of the other buildings on the plain. Second, it obstructed the eastern view of the Hudson River. Started in 1900 and completed in 1903, the West Point Officer&#39;s Club also was of neo-classical design. However, budget cuts and the high cost of white marble resulted in the selection of an off-color white brick, a design that failed to inspire the imagination of the public at large and the academy leadership. These two structures are the only neo-classical designs left in the cadet area now that the old cadet chapel is moved to the cemetery.</p><br>
<h3>1903 design competition</h3><br>
<p>After the turn of the century, as West Point approached its centennial, it became apparent that the campus was in need of a facilities overhaul and was lacking a clear design plan and architectural style. A major competition was held to design a major renovation of the campus, to include building a new cadet barracks (North Barracks, since demolished), chapel (the Cadet Chapel), academic building (Bartlett Hall), post headquarters (Taylor Hall), bachelors officer quarters (Lincoln Hall), riding hall (Thayer Hall), and hotel (later the Thayer Hotel). In addition to all the construction, the winning bid had to cost less than $5,000,000. After a lengthy competition, the firm of Cram, Goodhue, & Furgeson (CGF) was selected to overhaul the academys facilities. Nearly all of their works still stand, and their designs have influenced all other works in the cadet area since.</p><br>
<p>The first buildings completed by CGF was the heating plant and riding hall, completed along the cliffs of the Hudson in 1909. The massive riding hall rises from the cliffs along the river to the level of the Plain. This structure served as the home of equestrian instruction until riding was removed from the curriculum during World War II. In 1958, the halls interior was completely renovated and converted into an academic hall, renamed Thayer Hall in honor of Sylvanus Thayer. Now containing four interior floors and a large auditorium, it is considered the main academic hall on campus. In 1910, CGF completed construction of the new Headquarters building, later named Taylor Hall in honor of Maxwell Taylor. Hayes Gymnasium was also constructed by CGF and completed in 1910, replacing the Richard Morris Hunt-designed gymnasium that would be demolished to make way for the new mess hall in 1920. The "crown jewel" of CGFs project was unquestionably the new West Point Cadet Chapel, set high on the hillside above the cadet area, and completed in 1910. Upon completion of the Cadet Chapel, the Old Cadet Chapel was deconstructed and moved to the cemetery in 1911. The granite used for the construction of the Cadet Chapel was quarried from the hillside behind Hayes gymnasium, practically at the construction site. In 1913, CGF completed Bartlett Hall as one of the main academic buildings. The dirt and debris from the construction of Bartlett Hall was used to fill in "execution hollow", a large depression located on the Plain near Trophy Point. Two of CGF&#39;s buildings that have not stood the test of time were the North Barracks, which were later demolished to make way for the current MacArthur Barracks, and the cadet guardhouse, located in North Area and later demolished to make way for Scott Barracks.</p><br>
<h3>Gradual expansion, 1920–1960</h3><br>
<p>After the 1903 design competition, pace of new construction at the academy slowed, but there were continual updates. Started in 1925 and completed by 1929, Washington Hall, named in honor of George Washington, became the new cadet mess hall. Designed by Arnold Brunner, Washington Hall can rightfully be considered the "center" of the cadet academic area. Due to large increase in the size of the Corps of Cadets, more barracks space was needed in the early 1930s. In 1931, Grant Hall (also called Grant Barracks) was completed on the site of the old cadet mess hall. In 1937, Paul P. Cret completed construction on Scott Barracks in North Area. Cret also oversaw an expansion of Bartlett Hall in 1938.</p><br>
<h3>Major expansion, 1960–present</h3><br>
<p>The 100% increase in the size of the Corps of Cadets in the early 1960s led to rapid expansion of facilities at the expense of preserving the historic structures on post. The central barracks, which had stood since 1851, were torn down, save one segment preserved as Nininger Hall, in order to make way for the construction of Bradley and Eisenhower Barracks between 1965 and 1972. Washington Hall was doubled in size and physically connected to Eisenhower and MacArthur Barracks, which had replaced the old North barracks. In 1969 another wing, "Mac Short", was added to MacArthur barracks. New barracks were also constructed in south area, with Lee Barracks and Sherman Barracks being constructed in the mid-1960s.</p><br>
<p>To help with overcrowding in the cadet area, the first major barracks construction of the 21st century began in 2015 with the construction of the new Davis Barracks at USMA by the USA Army Corps of Engineers, New York District. The state of the art barracks facility is for housing 650 cadets, three in each room. This construction of the Davis Barracks precedes planned renovations of other barracks at USMA to provide better quality living space for all cadets.</p><br>
<h2>Current academic halls</h2><br>
<p>Arvin Cadet Physical Development Center (CPDC): Named after former First Captain Carl Robert Arvin, who died in Vietnam, the gymnasium complex houses the Department of Physical Education (DPE). The original core of Arvin CPDC is Hayes Gymnasium, originally constructed in 1910. The old Arvin gym entrance was built onto it in 1934. In 1999, renovation construction tore down over half of the gym. The 1910 and 1934 sections were preserved with the new CPDC opening in 2004. The new CPDC now houses a Center for Physical Development Excellence (CPDC), offices and classrooms for DPE, new basketball, racquetball, rock climbing, survival swimming, boxing & combatives, and physical therapy facilities.</p><br>
<p>Bartlett Hall: Home to the Departments of Chemistry and Physics, it was originally constructed in 1913 and expanded in 1937. In 2022, the Naming Commission brought public attention to a bronze plaque at the entrance of the building depicting a hooded Ku Klux Klan member; the New York Times reported its origins remained unclear.</p><br>
<p>Hayes Gymnasium – see Arvin Cadet Physical Development Center (above)</p><br>
<p>Jefferson Hall: Named after former president Thomas Jefferson, whose statue stands in the rotunda. The new library learning center, which opened in 2008, is home to the Center for Teaching Excellence (CTE) and the Alexander Haig Room.</p><br>
<p>Lincoln Hall: Formerly the Bachelor Officer&#39;s Quarters, it was renovated in 1987 and now houses the Departments of English and Social Sciences.</p><br>
<p>Old Cadet Library: Completed in 1964 and attached to Bartlett Hall, it served the Corps for over 40 years until the opening of Jefferson Hall in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Mahan Hall: Completed in 1974, it is named after USMA alumnus Dennis Hart Mahan. Mahan Hall is home to the academy&#39;s Department of Civil & Mechanical Engineering and Department of Systems Engineering.</p><br>
<p>Thayer Hall: Built in 1911 as a riding hall where the cadets were taught horsemanship, in 1958 it was converted into an academic hall containing over 100 classrooms. The cadet bookstore is housed on the fourth floor and there is a large lecture hall, Robinson Auditorium in the south end of the building. The first two floors of Thayer Hall are home to the Departments of History, Mathematics, Behavioral Sciences and Leadership (BS&L), and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS).</p><br>
<p>Washington Hall: Named for President George Washington, it is the home of the Cadet Mess Hall. The upper floors of Washington Hall are home to the Department of Military Instruction (DMI), the Department of Foreign Languages (DFL), the Department of Geography & Environmental Engineering (G&ENE), and the Office of the Commandant. Washington Hall was first constructed in 1929. It was doubled in size in 1964 when the Corps expanded to 4,400 cadets.</p><br>
<h2>Chapels</h2><br>
<p>The military chapel has played a major role in the history of the academy. In fact, attendance at weekly chapel services was mandatory until the early 1970s. The first chapel, now known as the "Old Cadet Chapel" was first constructed in 1836. It stood on the site now occupied by Bartlett Hall for 74 years until, after completion of the Cadet Chapel, it was deconstructed in 1910 and reconstructed at its current location in the cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>Barracks</h2><br>
<p>Scott Barracks: Named after General Winfield Scott and built in 1938, it is home to cadets of Companies E and F and the entire Third Battalion of the Fourth Regiment. It closed in Fall 2013 for extensive renovations and reopened for the 2014–15 academic year, maintaining its distinct "division" style layout.</p><br>
<p>Lee Barracks: Home to no cadets since Company F of the Third Regiment moved into Sherman at the end of 2021 and renovations began the next year. It was built in 1962, and is named after Colonel Robert E. Lee. In addition, it once housed the cadet barber shop in its basement, which was also removed once renovation began.</p><br>
<p>Sherman Barracks: Built in 1962, it is home to cadets from Third Battalion, First Regiment, it is named after General William Tecumseh Sherman. It is scheduled for renovation in 2023.</p><br>
<p>Grant Barracks: Formerly called "Old South Barracks", this building is named after General Ulysses S. Grant. The east side of these barracks is connected to Grant Hall, the former Cadet Mess Hall built in 1852 and used to feed the Corps of Cadets until 1923. The barracks portion, built in 1931, is the oldest cadet barracks still in use, and is home to cadets from Third Battalion of the Second Regiment.</p><br>
<p>Bradley Barracks: Built in 1968, Bradley barracks is split into two sections, appropriately nicknamed "Brad Long" and "Brad Short" due to its "L" shape. The barracks is currently closed for renovations but scheduled to reopen in 2023. It is named after General of the Army Omar Bradley.</p><br>
<p>Eisenhower Barracks: Also built in 1968, houses cadets from First and Second Battalions of the Second Regiment as well as the Cadet Brigade Staff. The barracks is named after General of the Army and former president Dwight D. Eisenhower.</p><br>
<p>Pershing Barracks: Formerly the West Academic Building built in 1895, it was renovated in 1959 and renamed Pershing Barracks. The building is named after General of the Armies John J. Pershing and houses Third Battalion of the Third Regiment. Many cadets have nicknamed the barracks "Ritz Carlton" due to the newly renovated barracks&#39; polished marble floors, grand entries, and opulent stairwells.</p><br>
<p>MacArthur Barracks: Opened in 1972, it is also split into two sections nicknamed "Mac Long" and "Mac Short." "Mac Short" houses the Cadet Fourth Regiment Staff, First Battalion of the Fourth Regiment, and Company D of the Fourth Regiment. "Mac Long" houses the Third Regiment Staff and Companies A through E of Third Regiment. It is named after General of the Army Douglas MacArthur.</p><br>
<p>Davis Barracks: Opened in 2017, the new facility houses cadets from the First Regiment. The barracks is named in honor of General Benjamin O. Davis Jr.</p><br>
<h2>Historical quarters</h2><br>
<h2>Other historic buildings</h2><br>
<p>Taylor Hall: Originally called the "Administration Building", it was built by the firm Cram, Goodhue, and Furgeson in 1910. Now named after Maxwell Taylor, it is home to the Office of the Superintendent and the Office of the Dean. This class example of "collegiate gothic" architecture sits overlooking the Hudson River to the east. With its 180 ft tower, it is the tallest all-stone masonry building in the world.</p><br>
<p>Cullum Hall: A large social hall containing a dance floor and several receiving rooms for formal occasions. Also known as "Cullum Memorial Hall," this building contains plaques that include the names of all West Point graduates killed in action from 1812 to the present. These plaques are located in the newly designed Memorial Room, dedicated on 10 November 2014. The lower levels contain the academys photo studio, along with various club team practice and equipment storage areas. Academy tradition states that Plebes must know that there are "340 Lights in Cullum Hall". Cullum Hall sits directly across the road from Doubleday Field, where the New York Yankees occasionally played exhibition games in the 1920s; cadet legend states that Babe Ruth once hit a home run off the roof of Cullum Hall, a distance of over 500 ft. This legend is unlikely given that Ruth was left-handed and Cullum Hall sits beyond the left field fence, which would have made Ruths home run to the opposite field of his power side.</p><br>
<p>West Point Club: Originally built in 1902 as the Officer&#39;s Club and later expanded in 1963 due to a generous gift by the wife of Gen. Palmer Eddy Pierce, class of 1891. The club has named the large second floor dining room the Pierce Room in their honor.</p><br>
<p>Nininger Hall: The last remaining structure from the old Central Barracks, the "1st Division" was traditionally home to the highest ranking cadet. Originally built in 1882, it now houses the Simon Center for the Professional Military Ethic (SCPME) and is named after LT Alexander R. Nininger, Jr., the first Medal of Honor recipient of WWII.</p><br>
<p>Superintendent&#39;s Quarters: The oldest remaining building on post, it was built in 1820, during the tenure of COL Sylvanus Thayer.</p><br>
<h2>Athletic facilities</h2><br>
<p>West Point is home to many historic as well as modern athletic facilities:</p><br>
<p>Christl Arena (part of the Holleder Center)</p><br>
<p>Gillis Field House: Built prior to WWII and named after William G. Gillis, this facility houses the track and field program and the women&#39;s volleyball practice facilities.</p><br>
<p>Holleder Center (Major Donald W. Holleder Center athletic complex): Next door to Michie Stadium, and built in 1985, it houses the basketball and hockey facilities. It is named after Donald W. Holleder, class of &#39;56, who died in action in Vietnam.</p><br>
<p>Johnson Stadium at Doubleday Field</p><br>
<p>Michie Stadium: Originally built in 1924 and named after Dennis Michie, captain and coach of the first Army football team, it has been expanded many times over the years. The most recent addition saw the building of an expansive new training facility and offices for the football program.</p><br>
<p>Shea Stadium: Named after Medal of Honor recipient Richard Shea in 1958, this renovated outdoor track facility is home to the track and field program and the sprint football team.</p><br>
<p>Tate Rink (part of the Holleder Center)</p><br>
<p>Anderson Rugby Complex: Completed in May 2007 and situated on the bank of the Hudson, Anderson Rugby Complex is home to the Army mens and womens Rugby teams.</p><br>
<p>Clinton Field: Named after Revolutionary War hero General James Clinton, it is home to the mens and womens soccer teams.</p><br>
<p>Softball Complex: Home to Army Softball. The field dimensions are 200 feet down the lines and 210 feet to center field. Construction was completed in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Crandall Pool: Home to Army Swim & Dive. It is 50 meters in length and can either be set up with six lanes in the 50-meter configuration or divided into two 25-yard pools, one with eight lanes and another with six lanes. Crandall Pool also features three 1-meter diving boards, one 1-meter diving platform, two 3-meter diving boards, and a diving tower with a 7.5-meter platform and a 10-meter platform. The pool and diving platforms are also used by the Department of Physical Education for survival swimming classes (all cadets are required to take one of these classes).</p><br>
<p>Foley Enners Nathe (FEN) Lacrosse Center: Completed and occupied in January 2017, this facility is named for classmates William Foley 67, Lt. Ray Enners 67, and Michael Nathe 67. The 15,000-square-foot-facility is nestled in the northeast corner of historic Michie Stadium, and is home to the Army West Point mens and women&#39;s lacrosse teams.</p><br>
<h2>Cemetery</h2><br>
<p>The cemetery is situated about 3/4 of a mile north of the main academic area. Formally designated a military cemetery in 1816, it was previously known locally as "German Flats". The cemetery is the final resting place of many notable military officers and is now the location of the Old Cadet Chapel.</p><br>
<h2>Monuments</h2><br>
<p>West Point is home to numerous monuments of famous graduates and other military heroes and patriots. Some of the monuments include:</p><br>
<p>Eisenhower Monument. This 9 ft statue of former General of the Army and the 34th President of the United States was dedicated in 1983. Designed by Robert L. Dean, class of 1953, it sits atop a pedestal of red granite and looks out over the Plain to the North.</p><br>
<p>Kosciuszko&#39;s Monument. Dedicated in 1828 and designed by John Latrobe, the monument was originally only the base and the column. The statue was added in 1913.</p><br>
<p>MacArthur Monument. This monument commemorates the Medal of Honor-winning former Superintendent and General of the Army Douglas MacArthur. Situated on the upper western corner of the Plain next to the north entrance to MacArthur Barracks, the monument consists of a statue of the general surrounded by angled granite walls that bear inscription excerpts from his 1962 Thayer Award address to the Corps of Cadets.</p><br>
<p>Sedgwick Monument. Erected by former members of his command, this monument commemorates former Union General John Sedgwick and was dedicated 21 Oct 1868. The spurs of the statue freely rotate and legend states that if a cadet is in danger of failing a class, they should go to the monument in full dress uniform at midnight before the final exam. If they spin the spurs at midnight, they will pass the class.</p><br>
<p>Thayer Monument. Commemorating the "Father of the Military Academy", this monument has been located in several locations during the academys history. It now sits at the northwest corner of the Plain adjacent to the Beat Navy Tunnel. The monument is oriented to the south, overlooking the Plain and the central cadet area. Thayers statue is the sight of numerous memorials throughout the year as classes return for their reunions. Tradition is for the oldest living graduate of those returning classes to lay a wreath at the foot of the memorial before the alumni review for that weekend.</p><br>
<p>Washington Monument. Dedicated in 1916, this large statue of George Washington was moved to its current location in front of Washington Hall in 1971 when the cadet mess hall expansion was completed.</p><br>
<p>The Allemarinda and James Wyer House is a Victorian cottage beside Lake Minnetonka in Excelsior, Minnesota, United States. It was built in 1887 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. Its nomination form called it the largest and best preserved of Excelsior&#39;s Eastlake style summer homes built around 1880. From 1925 through 1974, it served as the home for managers of the Excelsior Amusement Park.</p><br>
<p>The Emmitsburg Historic District is a national historic district in Emmitsburg, Frederick County, Maryland. The district is predominantly residential and includes most of the older area of the town extending along Main Street and Seton Avenue. Also included are several commercial buildings and churches interspersed among the dwellings. The buildings are primarily two-story sided log or brick, dating from the late 18th to the mid 19th centuries. Some later 19th century buildings in this area include some large Italianate-influenced buildings forming the northeast and southeast corners of the main square; an area destroyed by fire in 1863. Settlement began in the region during the 1730s, bringing Protestant Germans and Scotch-Irish from Pennsylvania, as well as English Catholics from Tidewater Maryland.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Blazo–Leavitt House is a historic house on Maine State Route 160 in Parsonsfield, Maine, United States. The large two-story house was built in 1812, and is one of the finest Federal period houses in northern York County. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Blazo–Leavitt House is a large two-story mansion built in Parsonsfield, Maine, in 1812 by William Blazo, uncle to prominent Parsonsfield lawyer Robert Tibbetts Blazo. Oral tradition holds that Robert T. Blazo, as a young man of fifteen in 1812, and later aged twenty in 1817, had helped with the construction of his uncles house. This story seems credible because Robert had been bound out to his uncle William when Roberts father (Williams brother) Daniel Blazo fell from a beam at a barn raising in 1802 and broke his neck. Later, ownership of the house passed to the nephew, Robert T. Blazo. The house next was passed on to Robert Blazos two daughters, Susan Blazo Leavitt and Emily Blazo Browne. Emilys daughter Maude Browne left no descendants, and the house eventually passed into the hands of Susan Blazo Leavitts son, Robert Greenleaf Leavitt, his wife Ida Ruggli Leavitt, and his three children Russell Greenleaf Leavitt, Robert Keith Leavitt, and Constance Ruggli Leavitt Hanson. Thus it is called the Blazo–Leavitt house. Designed by architect Thomas Eaton, according to both family tradition and affirmed by a Maine preservationist, the home is on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Blazo–Leavitt house has five large brick chimneys and ten fireplaces. The home also boasts elaborately carved and pillared entrances with leaded glass fans and sidelights, panelled doors, and small-paned windows. A complete description of the interior of the house is described in a long narrative poem entitled "Flora Visits Parsonsfield" by Mary Freeman, a resident of the house for thirty years and great, great granddaughter of Robert and Mary Blazo. The main ell of the home was built in 1812, the main part of house being constructed five years later in 1817. William Blazo was son of Amos Blazo, who in turn was son of William Blazo of Bordeaux, France, who emigrated to America sometimes before 1727, settling first in Greenland, New Hampshire, and later in Epsom. Amos Blazo is recorded in the History of Parsonsfield as having been North Parsonsfields first settler, clearing the fields at "Blazos Corner" in March 1778. Amos Blazo had five sons, four of whom settled on nearby farms. It was Amoss son William who built the Blazo House, later selling it to his nephew, and Amoss grandson, Robert Tibbetts Blazo.</p><br>
<p>Robert Tibbetts Blazo had begun his career as a schoolmaster. One of his pupils was fifteen-year-old Mary Freeman of Sandwich, New Hampshire, who would become his bride eight years later. Before the marriage Robert Blazo practiced law for a time in Moultonborough, New Hampshire, but eventually the couple settled in Parsonsfield where Blazo practiced law, and was for many decades Justice of the Peace and Post Master. The couple had four children: Susan, Daniel, Charles and Emily. Descendants of Daniel still reside in the Daniel Blazo house directly across from the Blazo–Leavitt house at Blazo&#39;s Corner.</p><br>
<p>All four Blazo children attended Parsonsfield Seminary, to which their father had conveyed the land and helped establish. Here Susan Blazo met John Greenfield Leavitt, a fellow student from Buckfield, Maine, who had come to Parsonfield to prepare for Waterville College (today&#39;s Colby College). The couple married, and moved into the Blazo house with her parents; they had one child, Robert Greenleaf Leavitt. Emily Blazo married Howard Hiram Browne, and they too took up residence in the house; they had one child, Maude Browne, who later became a portrait artist.</p><br>
<p>Because Maude Browne was unable to have children, eventually ownership of the house came to the Leavitts and to their son Robert Greenleaf Leavitt, a well-known Harvard-educated botanist and educator. After Robert G. Leavitts death in 1942, Roberts wife Ida and their children, and grandchildren, and great grandchildren, continued living in it every summer. Robert Greenleaf Leavitt&#39;s daughter, Constance Leavitt Hanson, with great regret, sold the house in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Blazo and Leavitt family have been associated with Parsonsfield Seminary, which is located directly across the road from the house. Robert Tibbetts Blazo, second owner of the Blazo–Leavitt House, conveyed land on which Seminary was built and helped found the Seminary.</p><br>
<p>The Blazo–Leavitt house faces south, and its western side faces Green Mountain, an isolated mountain in Effingham, New Hampshire and part of the foothills of the White Mountains. Nearby is the Leavitt Plantation Forest (connected with another branch of the Leavitt family), an 8,603 acre tract that is the largest contiguous block of forest land south of Sebago Lake. Leavitt Plantation Forest covers 20 percent of Parsonsfield&#39;s land. With the support of The Nature Conservancy, the State of Maine has purchased a permanent conservation easement to ensure sustainable forest practices and public pedestrian access for recreation. The easement also prohibits development activity on the property. The land remains as working commercial forest.</p><br>
<p>The Frederick Historic District is a national historic district in Frederick, Maryland. The district encompasses the core of the city and contains a variety of residential, commercial, ecclesiastical, and industrial buildings dating from the late 18th century to 1941. Notable are larger detached dwellings in the Queen Anne and American Foursquare architectural styles of the late 19th and early 20th centuries The churches reflect high style architecture ranging from Gothic and Greek Revival to Richardsonian Romanesque and Colonial Revival. The east side of the district includes the industrial buildings.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, with a boundary increase in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The New Market Historic District is a national historic district in New Market, Frederick County, Maryland. The district encompasses the town located along what was originally the National Pike . About 90 percent of the buildings in the historic district date from the 19th century and include Federal-style buildings and Greek Revival buildings, with a number of Victorian buildings, a larger example being the Ramsburg House.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Mount Airy Historic District is a national historic district in Mount Airy, located in Carroll and Frederick County, Maryland. The district comprises a cohesive group of commercial, residential, and ecclesiastical buildings dating from the late 19th through early 20th centuries. The brick Baltimore and Ohio Railroad station, designed by E. Francis Baldwin and constructed in 1882, represents the towns origin as an early transportation center for the region, which dates back as early as 1838. A group of early-20th century commercial structures represent the rebuilding of Mount Airys downtown after a series of fires between 1903 and 1926. The residential areas are characterized by houses illustrating vernacular forms and popular stylistic influences of the late 19th and early 20th century. Three churches are located within the district.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The McKinstrys Mills Historic District is a national historic district in Union Bridge, located in Carroll and Frederick County, Maryland. The district comprises the entirety of the settlement of McKinstrys Mills, a 26 acre hamlet consisting of six separate properties that were owned and developed in the 19th century by the McKinstry family, local millers. At the center is a -story grist mill constructed in 1844. Also included are the McKinstry homestead, built between 1825 and 1835; the residence of miller Samuel McKinstry, dated 1849; a store building of 1850; and two other small houses and a variety of outbuildings. There is also a 1908 Warren pony truss bridge.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The James Leavitt House in Waterboro Center, Maine, is a mid-19th century Greek Revival home built of wooden weatherboard and resting on a granite foundation. Built in 1850 for wealthy merchant James Leavitt, the house is on the National Register of Historic Places and is now owned by the town of Waterboro, which operates the architecturally-significant structure as a house museum known as the Taylor/Frey/Leavitt House Museum.</p><br>
<h2>History and origins</h2><br>
<p>The builder of the Leavitt House, James Leavitt, moved to Waterboro Center with his family from nearby Alfred, Maine, between 1830 and 1840, and entered into business as "an astute businessman," as a local historian put it. The merchant had several lines of business: he bought and sold local produce in Portland and Boston, and operated a general store near his house. He also bought pre-cut fabric in Boston, which he pieced out to local women, who then assembled the fabric into mens suits, shirts and trousers, which Leavitt sold back to clothiers in Boston, often at a healthy mark-up. The women were given credits at Leavitts store in return: the merchant&#39;s extensive records for these transactions are today maintained at the Leavitt House.</p><br>
<p>Leavitt&#39;s various businesses enabled him to make a fortune, and have an elaborate home built to suit his success as merchant. The James Leavitt House, completed in 1850, is significant for the level of interior detailing. The two-story Greek Revival home, which housed Leavitt, his wife and 12 children, boasts elaborate interior molding, carved corner blocks, a detail rarely seen on rural Maine homes. The house retains its original elaborate wallpaper, and also features "some of the finest wood-graining in the state."</p><br>
<p>"The sheer amount of surface that was grained indicates that this was probably not the work of an itinerant artist passing through town, but undertaken a specialist like Jason Hamilton, a fancy painter who lived in nearby Sanford and was listed in the Mercantile Union Business Directory in 1849," notes the application for the House&#39;s nomination to the National Historic Places Register. "Interestingly, the grain painting at the Leavitt house does not necessarily try to mimic natural wood, rather the combinations of patterns, such as birds-eye maple and tiger-maple, used together on the doors suggest a much more artistic approach to the application. This suggestion is further supported by the grained pictures of the rooster and the swan that appear on the back doors of two cabinets."</p><br>
<h2>Ownership succession</h2><br>
<p>The Leavitt House, built at what was once the most prosperous location in Waterboro Center, is a large home with seven bedrooms on its second floor. After the death of merchant James Leavitt in about 1880, the home became a second residence for the family. James Leavitts son Benjamin embarked on a career as a prosperous merchant in Saco, Maine, and used his fathers home as a summer residence. After Benjamin Leavitts death, his daughter Louella Frey inherited the home; subsequently it passed to her two daughters, including writer Helen Taylor who set her book A Time to Recall in the family home. Mrs. Taylors three sons sold the building to the town of Waterboro in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Merchant James Leavitt, born in Alfred, Maine, in 1797, and married to Lovey Stevens of York, Maine, died 7 September 1876, at Waterboro Center. His wife died in 1825. They are both buried at Waterboro Center, not far from the home they had built.</p><br>
<p>The house is now a local historical museum.</p><br>
<p>The Ladora Savings Bank is a historic structure along USA Route 6 in Ladora, Iowa, United States. Constructed in 1920, it was closed when the bank that built it failed in the Great Depression, leaving it to be used by a succession of businesses. It was occupied by a restaurant, the Ladora Bank Bistro, but that closed down in February 2019. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since August 3, 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>Designed by William Lightner and Charles B. Zalesky, the masonry Neoclassically styled building included two substantial Doric columns in its facade and several tall windows on the sides. Among its interior features visible to the public were marble counters, wooden floors, and paintings on the wall, while massive vaults were built to protect valuables; recent renovations have restored these features, most of which still remain.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Ladora Savings Bank building was dedicated on July 26, 1920. During this period, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places, being included primarily for its architecture.</p><br>
<h3>Reopening</h3><br>
<p>After some years of inactivity, the bank building was purchased in October 2004 by businessman Dimitri Makedonsky, who also owns properties around the bank. Dimitri proceeded to renovate the building: replacing the roof, redesigning the interior, and gradually restoring the interior to an appearance similar to that of a bank from the 1920s. Hoping to open a restaurant in the building, he refurbished several major side rooms: as the celebrated original restrooms no longer functioned, they were turned into museum rooms, while the bank&#39;s substantial vault became a lounge. The restaurant opened on May 15, 2008. After over a decade of operating as The Ladora Bank Bistro, the building now houses an Iowa Caucus themed bistro named Caucus Bistro.</p><br>
<p>The Harry N. Burhans House is a historic Greek Revival house in the Salt Springs area of Syracuse, New York. With a wide lawn, it commands the intersection of old roads Salt Springs Road and East Genesee Street, the latter being one of the main roads of the area. Built in 1837 on a 100 acre plot, it was the first house in the area.</p><br>
<p>In 1916, the house was renovated under supervision of architect Ward Wellington Ward. The renovation added four Mercer fireplaces. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The house remains now on a plot of approximately 0.66 acre.</p><br>
<p>Avalon Music is an historic three-story red brick building in Rochester, Minnesota. It opened in 1919 as the Northwestern Hotel. The Sam Sternberg family operated it as a kosher restaurant and hotel for Jewish travelers, including many visitors to the nearby Mayo Clinic.</p><br>
<p>In 1944, Vern Manning bought it and renamed it the Avalon Hotel. As the only hotel in the area which welcomed African Americans before desegregation, its guests included Duke Ellington and boxer Henry Armstrong. It housed the Avalon Café, one of two restaurants in the city which served people of color. It became a local focus of the Civil Rights Movement and opposition to it; both a march for racial equality and a cross burning occurred at the property on August 23, 1963.</p><br>
<p>After renovation in 1987, the property became Hamilton Music with studios and a store for musical instruments and audio equipment. In 2008, the building changed ownership and became Avalon Music to reflect its history. An expansion project was started in 2018 to turn the building into a restaurant, office space, and apartments.</p><br>
<p>McChord Field Historic District is a historic district located within the McChord Air Force Base in Pierce County, Washington. The base is located at the base of Puget Sound. The 31 contributing buildings and 3 contributing structures included in the district all date to the establishment of McChord Field and its role in World War II. Additionally, the district is significant for its architecture representative of the period from 1938 through 1952. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 12, 2008.</p><br>
<p>It is the 24th property listed as a featured property of the week in a program of the National Park Service that began in July, 2008.</p><br>
<p>The Bridgeport Lamp Chimney Company Bowstring Concrete Arch Bridge is located between Mechanic Street and Baltimore and Ohio Railroad tracks in Bridgeport, West Virginia. The bridge was constructed in 1924, designed by Frank McEnteer. This elegant bowstring reinforced concrete arch bridge represents a traditional bridge type which was readily adapted to what was essentially a new construction material: reinforced concrete. Unlike a rail or road bridge, this bridge can be considered an unusual pedestrian bridge in that it was built by the Bridgeport Lamp Chimney Company in 1924 to provide access from the glass plant to a warehouse on the other side of Simpson Creek. The bridge was designed to carry hand carts with glass products across the river to the warehouse. The bridge remains the only evidence of the original works, and its successor, Master Glass Company. Thus the bridge stands in splendid isolation from any other structure.</p><br>
<h2>Structure details</h2><br>
<p>The bridge is 70 ft long by 8 ft in width. The height of the center line transom is 10 ft above the deck. Although hidden from view, a notable feature is the proprietary reinforcement used throughout the structure. The principal reinforcing bars are either of the patented Havemeyer reinforcement produced by the Concrete Steel Company of New York, or a similar bar produced by Cambria Iron Works of Johnstown, Pennsylvania. It was an era of intense competition among reinforcing bar manufacturers with each individual deformed bar pattern carefully protected by patents. Smooth bars of approximately 1/4 in diameter were employed for stirrups throughout the bridge structure.</p><br>
<p>Arch: 12 by</p><br>
<p>Tension ties: 9 by</p><br>
<p>Deck: 3 in</p><br>
<p>Verticals: 8 by</p><br>
<h2>Historical significance</h2><br>
<p>The reinforced concrete bowstring arch erected in 1924 by Frank Duff McEnteer and his Concrete Steel Bridge Company is an elegant expression of the bridge builders art executed by one of the pioneers in the use of reinforced concrete for both bridges and buildings. The bridge is a poignant reminder of the early glass industry that flourished in the Clarksburg area and indeed in the state as a whole. The glass industry found a favorable business climate based on cheap natural gas and abundant quartzite for producing products ranging from utilitarian bottles to the finest cut glass. Little remains of this once flourishing industry.</p><br>
<p>The Governor Joseph Johnson House, also known as Oakdale, is located on a half-acre lot that is bordered on the north by Johnson Avenue , on the west by Oakdale Avenue , and on the south by Maple Street, in the town of Bridgeport, West Virginia. The house was constructed in 1818 for then Assemblyman Joseph Johnson. The structure is significant because it was the home of the only governor of Virginia from the Trans-Alleghany region and one of antebellum Western, now West Virginia&#39;s most significant public figures.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Oakdale was originally a two-story frame residence. It was remodeled in about 1840 in the form of an Italianate architecture residence. Still two stories, it is basically a rectangular wood residence, with clapboard siding. There is a central corbelled chimney dating from 1818 period, as well as a middle-of-bay rear chimney that is part of the 1840 remodel. The home itself rests on a cut-stone foundation, in excellent condition; obviously the work of master stonemasons of the period.</p><br>
<p>Bon Aire is a historic home located near Shipman, Nelson County, Virginia. It is a Federal-style brick dwelling dramatically sited on a hill overlooking the James River. It was built about 1812 in a three-part scheme; with a two-story center section flanked by -story, two-bay wings. In plan and detail Bon Aire is linked to a number of tripartite houses, such as Point of Honor in nearby Lynchburg, built for a cousin of Bon Aire&#39;s builder, Dr. George Cabell.</p><br>
<p>Bon Aire was designed by Dr. George Cabell Jrs friend, Thomas Jefferson. This assumption is quite conceivable given the close association between Jefferson and the Cabell family. UVAs music department is housed in</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>In 1798 or 1799, Nicholas Cabell (1750-1803) of Liberty Hall, gave part of his estate to his son, Dr. George Cabell, Jr. (1774-1827). George married Susanna Wyatt, daughter of a well known Lynchburg politician in 1798. The following year, Nicholas and Hannah Cabell deeded 940 acres to George as an expression of their "natural love and affection for their son." Some sources say Bon Aire was built in 1798(1) 940 acres.(3, 4) but most likely construction began about 1809 but the house was not completed until 1812 due to lack of funds.(4)</p><br>
<p>It was designed after his cousin George’s house, Point of Honor in Lynchburg.(3, 4) “George built his Palladian villa on a peak that permitted an unobstructed view in all directions.”(4) Not long after his wife’s death in 1817, George moved to Lynchburg and then to Richmond. He sold Bon Aire in 1826,(4) the year before he died. In 1972 the property was bought by Ormonde Wilcox and his wife, Barbara Dallas Cabell, great, great granddaughter of Nathaniel Francis Cabell (Liberty Hall) and great, great, great, great granddaughter of Col. Nicholas Cabell, Sr.</p><br>
<h2>Construction Style</h2><br>
<p>The Federal “T” plan brick house (the bricks were made at the Liberty Hall kiln) (3) is laid in Flemish bond with 3 interior end chimneys on the north, east and west walls. It is a distinctive three-part Palladian design. The two-story, three-bay house with a central pavilion has 1 ½ story flanking wings with dormers. The house is over a raised basement. Jeffersonian influence is seen in the Chippendale railings of the double portico and in the staircase which is tucked in a side arch between the entry hall and the library. A 12 x 4 ft. archway divides the entrance hall from the library.(1)</p><br>
<p>The entry is flanked by recessed-panel pilasters. “The traverse passage is an especially dignified room, designed to imply the greatest formality in a limited space. This is conveyed by the two arched openings, one marking the entry to the enclosed stair, the other framing the short barrel-vaulted entry to the parlor. In both instances, handsome arches with molded keystones spring from stop-reeded fluted pilasters. Remaining interior details, including pedestal-cap chair rails and simple molded baseboards, are restrained and unexceptional.”(4) There are three rooms in the basement, three rooms plus an office and large room on the main floor and two attic rooms on the second floor. The double doors at the main entrance are still barred with oak timbers. The doors on the main level are wide Cross & Bible design and have the original brass locks.(3)</p><br>
<p>Bon Aire was remodeled in the 1940s and again in the 1950s.(3) Doric columns have been added to the portico and beneath the portico a balcony with supporting iron brackets has been added. Other additions include a tack room to the west and a country kitchen with an open porch to the east replacing the original kitchen.(1) In the 1950s an annex was added along with a second dining room, the kitchen, two storage rooms and a porch.(3) Bon Aire is two miles south of Warminster on Route 626. The woods to the north of the property abut Edgewood. The cemetery is east of the house and stables are to the west.</p><br>
<p>Edgewood is a historic farm complex located at Wingina, Nelson County, Virginia. Structures located on the 65 acre property document its evolution as a plantation and farm since the late-18th century. It includes the main house ruins, a house built about 1790 and destroyed by fire in 1955; the circa 1820 Tucker Cottage; an 18th-century dovecote, dairy, and smokehouse; an 1828 icehouse; an early 19th-century corncrib; and a mid-19th-century barn or granary. Also on the property are a circa 1940s tenant house  and machine shed, the Cabell family cemetery, and an original well. The structures are all located along the gravel driveway.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Elk Hill is a historic house and farm complex located near Nellysford, Nelson County, Virginia. Operated for more than 250 years, it is one of the earliest extant farms in Nelson County. The 173 acre rural farm bounded in part by the South Fork of the Rockfish River and Reid&#39;s Creek. The main house is a substantial two-story, three-bay wide frame dwelling with a central hall plan, with the original portion built between 1790 and 1810. Since Samuel Reid sold the farm in 1805 to Hawes Coleman , as well as issued in 2005 a conservation easement to the Virginia Outdoors Foundation to protect its natural habitat and rural character. The contributing outbuildings include: smokehouse, built in the last quarter of the 18th century; tobacco barn, built circa 1790–1810; 19th century chicken house, two seat outhouse, and double crib barn; garages built in 1902 and in 1955; and a stone boundary/retaining wall, built in the last quarter of the 18th century.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>Montezuma, also referred to as Spring Hill, is a historic home located near Norwood, Nelson County, Virginia. It was erected around 1790, and is a notable example of Piedmont Virginia Federal architecture. It has a two-story main block with a -story wing, laid in Flemish bond brick, with a Roman Revival dwarf portico. It is associated with the Cabell family, who settled in Nelson County in the second quarter of the 18th century. Because of his friendship with the Cabell family, the use of the Roman Doric order, certain exterior details and the floor plan, Thomas Jefferson is often associated with the design of the home. and</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>River Bluff is a historic home located near Wintergreen, Nelson County, Virginia. It is sited on a steep bank overlooking the South Fork of the Rockfish River. It is a three-part Flemish bond brick house consisting of a two-story central pavilion with one-story flanking wings. The main block was constructed about 1785, and the house achieved its final form by about 1805.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Soldier&#39;s Joy is a historic house located at Wingina, Nelson County, Virginia, USA. It was built in 1784–85 by Col. Samuel Jordan Cabell and enlarged approximately twenty-five years later. Along with Bon Aire and Montezuma, it is one of the few remaining Cabell family houses in Nelson County. When constructed it was a five-part Palladian house; reduced in size during the 20th century when the early 19th-century wings were moved. The Late-Georgian dwelling is distinguished by its fine proportions and interior detailing, much of which was added when the house was enlarged. The elaborate woodwork from the ballroom wing was removed to the Cincinnati Art Museum when the house was renovated in the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>St. John the Divine Episcopal Church, also known as St. Johns Episcopal Church, is a church in Moorhead, Minnesota, United States. It was built 1898–99 in Shingle Style and is considered Moorheads leading architectural landmark and one of Cass Gilbert&#39;s most interesting churches. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Unlike all other episcopal churches in Minnesota, it is part of the Episcopal Diocese of North Dakota because of its proximity to Fargo.</p><br>
<p>Its design was the basis for design of St. George&#39;s Episcopal Memorial Church in Bismarck, North Dakota, which was completed in 1949 and was listed on the National Register in 2021.</p><br>
<p>Lovingston High School is a historic school located at Lovingston, Nelson County, Virginia. It is a one-story Colonial Revival-style building that opened in 1931 and originally served grades one through eleven. It consists of a one-and-one-half-story main block with one-story wings. Behind the main block is the central auditorium with a stage and seven flanking classrooms. Later additions to the rear include four additional classrooms, built about 1945, and a kitchen, built 1951.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Nelson County Courthouse is a historic courthouse located at Lovingston, Nelson County, Virginia within the Lovingston Historic District. The original building opened in 1810. It is a rectangular, two-story stuccoed brick structure, with two additions: one of ten feet attached to the rear of the original structure and the other is a large lateral wing across the rear of the first addition. Both of these additions were constructed in 1940. The original structure was partially remodeled in 1968. It contains one large courtroom with a spectator gallery towards the rear. It was the first public building to be built after Nelson County&#39;s organization in 1807.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Wintergreen Country Store is a historic building built originally as a country store located near Nellysford, Nelson County, Virginia. It is a one- and two-story, shed roofed, frame vernacular building with weatherboard siding on a masonry and concrete foundation. The store was built in four phases: the original store was a one-story, one-room building with a porch, built between 1908 and 1909; the second was living space added in the late 1920s; the third phase added a two-story section with a two-story porch; and the fourth phase was added by Wintergreen Ski Resort as a welcoming center when it first opened in 1975.</p><br>
<p>After closing as an office and gift shop for the Wintergreen resort, the building was used as a meeting place for Peace in the Valley, an Episcopal Church mission. Thereafter it served as a gallery featuring local artists. It now serves as the Rockfish Valley Foundation Natural History Center and is affiliated with the Virginia Museum of Natural History.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Tyro Mill is a historic grist mill located at Tyro, Nelson County, Virginia. It is a multi-story frame mill built in 1846–47 with an addition made in the late nineteenth century. It has a metal-sheathed gable roof and a stone foundation. There is an overshot metal wheel in a stone wheel well and remnants of the head race. The mill contains original machinery including wood gears and drive shafts, two runs of millstones, and a husk frame in the basement gear pit. Also on the property is a mid-19th century log dwelling—traditionally identified as the miller&#39;s house—with twentieth century frame additions and front porch.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Woodson&#39;s Mill, also known as Piney River Mill, is a historic grist mill located at Lowesville, Nelson County, Virginia. It is believed to have been built originally for Guiliford Campbell in 1794. The present building has undergone three periods of structural and mechanical improvements, most of which date to the nineteenth century. Sometime after 1900, Dr. Julian B. Woodson added a sophisticated roller mill system for the production of fine white flour and he built his office into the west end of the mill. The mill continues to function with two water wheels and houses an operating cider press.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
